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Mycena galericulata
''Mycena galericulata'' is a mushroom species commonly known as the common bonnet, the toque mycena, or the rosy-gill fairy helmet. The type species of the genus ''Mycena'' was first described scientifically in 1772, but was not considered a ''Mycena'' until 1821. It is quite variable in color, size, and shape, which makes it somewhat difficult to reliably identify in the field. The mushrooms have caps with distinct radial grooves, particularly at the margin. The cap's color varies from grayish-brown to dark brown and the shape ranges from bell-like to bluntly conical to flattened with an umbo. The stem is hollow, white, tough and thin, without a ring and often roots deeply into the wood on which it grows. The gills are white to grayish or even pinkish when mature and are connected by distinct cross-veins. The caps can reach in diameter, and have a mealy odor and taste. The spore print is white and the gills are pink at maturity, which can lead to possible confusion with species of the ''Pluteus'' genus. ''M. galericulata'' mushrooms grow mostly in clusters on the well-decayed stumps of deciduous and coniferous trees from spring to autumn. The species can generally be considered inedible. It is common and widespread in the entire temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, but it has also been reported from Africa.
==Taxonomy, classification, and naming==
The fungus was first described scientifically as ''Agaricus galericulatus'' by Italian mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772,〔 and sanctioned under this name by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 ''Systema Mycologicum''.〔 That same year, Samuel Frederick Gray transferred the species to the genus ''Mycena''.〔 Synonyms for the species include ''Agaricus conicus'' named by William Hudson in 1778, ''Agaricus crispus'' described by August Johann Georg Karl Batsch in 1893, ''Stereopodium galericulatum'' by Franklin Sumner Earle in 1909,〔 and ''Prunulus galericulatus'' by William Alphonso Murrill in 1916.〔
''Mycena galericulata'' is the type species of the genus ''Mycena''. It is classified in section ''Mycena'' of ''Mycena'' in the infrageneric scheme of Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus.〔 In the older (1947) classification of Alexander H. Smith, he placed it in the subgenus ''Eumycena'', section ''Typicae''—"a most monotonous series of blackish, brown, gray, bluish-gray, or brownish-gray species mostly with ascending gills and generally large to moderate stature."〔Smith (1947), (p. 225 ).〕
The specific epithet ''galericulata'' is derived from the Latin ''galer'', and means "with a small hat".〔 Gray called it the "helmetted high-stool".〔 It is commonly known as the "common bonnet", the "toque mycena",〔 or the "rosy-gill fairy helmet".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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